Escala de estratégias de resolução de conflitos familiares: adaptação e evidências psicométricas / Family conflict resolution strategies scale: adaptation and psychometric evidence / Escala de estrategias de resolución de conflictos familiares: adaptación y evidencias psicométricas

Este estudo teve o objetivo de adaptar o Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) para o contexto brasileiro e investigar se este apresenta evidências de adequabilidade psicométrica. No Estudo 1 foi desenvolvida a versão brasileira e, posteriormente, foram analisadas evidências de validade de conteúdo por meio da análise de juízes (N = 4 avaliadores especialistas) e adequação semântica em um estudo piloto com adolescentes (N = 15). No Estudo 2, verificamos as propriedades psicométricas do CRSI em uma amostra de adolescentes (N = 276), reunindo evidências de validade de estrutura interna e precisão. Finalmente, no Estudo 3, foram investigadas evidências adicionais de estrutura interna e precisão do CRSI em uma nova amostra (N = 224). Os resultados demonstraram que o CRSI reúne evidências de validade com base no conteúdo, na estrutura interna e de precisão, podendo ser usado para avaliar as estratégias de resolução de conflitos que adolescentes brasileiros utilizam nas discordâncias com seus pais, possibilitando seu uso em pesquisas sobre esse tema.(AU)

This study adapted the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) for the Brazilian context and assessed its psychometric adequacy. In Study 1, the Brazilian version was developed and content validity was analyzed by experts (N = 4) with semantic adequacy assessed in a pilot study with adolescents (N = 15). In Study 2, psychometric properties were examined in a sample of adolescents (N = 276), providing evidence of internal validity and reliability. Study 3 further investigated evidence of internal validity and reliability in a new sample (N = 224). Results indicated that the CRSI exhibits content validity, internal validity, and reliability, making it suitable for assessing conflict resolution strategies employed by Brazilian adolescents in disagreements with their parents, enabling its use in related research.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar el Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) al contexto brasileño y verificar si presenta evidencias de adecuación psicométrica. En el Estudio 1, se desarrolló la versión brasileña y, posteriormente, se analizaron las evidencias de validez de contenido a través del análisis de jueces (N = 4 evaluadores expertos) y de adecuación semántica en un estudio piloto con adolescentes (N = 15). En el Estudio 2, verificamos las propiedades psicométricas del CRSI en una muestra de adolescentes (N = 276), recogiendo evidencias de validez interna y precisión. Finalmente, en el Estudio 3, se investigó evidencias adicionales de la validez interna y precisión del CRSI en una nueva muestra (N = 224). Los resultados mostraron que el CRSI reúne evidencias de validez de contenido, validez interna y precisión, y puede ser utilizado para evaluar las estrategias de resolución de conflictos utilizadas por adolescentes brasileños en desacuerdos con sus padres, lo que permite su uso en investigaciones sobre este tema.(AU)

Evidências de validade da Escala RASH - Relação, Autonomia, Separação e Heteronomia em uma amostra de brasileiros e norte americanos / Evidenced of validity of the RASH Scale - Relation, Autonomy, Separation and Heteronomy in a sample of brazilians and north americans / Evidencias de validez de la Escala RASH - Relación, Autonomía, Separación y Heteronomía en una muestra de brasileños y norteamericanos

A Escala RASH (relação, autonomia, separação e heteronomia) foi desenvolvida para investigar padrões de self em estudos transculturais. No presente estudo, foi realizada uma análise fatorial da escala RASH em amostras brasileiras e norte-americanas, com o objetivo de fornecer uma medida de quatro fatores com bons índices de ajuste. Buscou-se confirmar o padrão de self autônomo-relacionado nas duas amostras e também a relação entre o nível de escolaridade dos pais e tipos de valores que desejam para seus filhos. Coletou-se dados de 756 participantes (EUA, n = 519, Brasil, n = 237), pais ou responsáveis por alunos de 7 a 14 anos. Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, medidas de invariância e estatísticas básicas como média, desvio padrão e correlação. Os resultados corroboram uma estrutura de quatro fatores do instrumento e os padrões autorrelatados nas duas culturas. O instrumento pode auxiliar em pesquisas transculturais sobre o desenvolvimento de valores e captar diferenças entre culturas.(AU)

The RASH scale (which stands for relation, autonomy, separation, and heteronomy) was developed to investigate patterns of self in cross-cultural studies. In the present study, a factor analysis of the RASH scale was conducted in Brazilian and North American samples, with the aim of providing a four-factor measure with good fit indices. The aim was to confirm the pattern of autonomous-relational self in the two samples and also the relationship among the parents' level of education and the types of values they want for their children. We collected data from 756 participants (n = 519, USA; n = 237, Brazil), parents or guardians of students aged 7 to 14 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, invariance measures and basic statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation were performed. The results confirmed the four-factor structure of the instrument and self-reported patterns in the two cultures. The instrument can help in cross-cultural research on the development of values and capture differences between cultures.(AU)

La escala RASH (relación, autonomía, separación y heteronomía) se desarrolló para investigar patrones del self en estudios transculturales. En el presente estudio, se realizó una validación de la escala RASH en muestras brasileñas y norteamericanas, con el objetivo de proporcionar una medida de cuatro factores con buenos índices de ajuste. Se buscó confirmar el patrón de self autónomo-relacionado en ambas muestras, así como la relación entre el nivel educativo de los padres y los tipos de valores que desean para sus hijos. Se recopilaron datos de 756 participantes (n = 519 en EE. UU.; N = 237 en Brasil), padres o tutores de estudiantes de 7 a 14 años. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, seguidos de medidas de invarianza y cálculos de estadísticas básicas como media, desviación estándar y correlación. Los resultados respaldaron la estructura de cuatro factores del instrumento y los patrones autoinformados en ambas culturas. El instrumento puede ser útil para investigaciones interculturales sobre el desarrollo de valores y para capturar las diferencias entre culturas.(AU)

Adaptación transcultural de la encuesta de conocimientos en lactancia (ECoLa) / Cross-cultural adaptation of the Survey on Breastfeeding Knowledge (ECoLa)

Se considera fundamental el acompañamiento oportuno y actualizado del equipo de salud en el inicio y mantenimiento de la lactancia materna. Se ha documentado que algunos profesionales carecen de habilidades para ofrecer orientación adecuada a las personas lactantes, pero no existen pesquisas locales con instrumentos estandarizados acerca de sus conocimientos. Adaptar un cuestionario validado permitiría indagar y comparar estos datos con otros países, y justificaría la implementación de las estrategias educativas necesarias. El objetivo fue obtener una versión argentina de la Encuesta de Conocimientos en Lactancia (ECoLa) mediante un proceso de adaptación transcultural mediado por la participación de lingüistas, expertos en lactancia, y profesionales de medicina y enfermería como destinatarios del instrumento. La adecuación, equivalencia y comprensión fueron comprobadas en los discursos de expertos y autores, y en las respuestas de las entrevistas cognitivas. Se consiguió una versión de ECoLa equivalente a la versión original; semántica y culturalmente adaptada a profesionales argentinos.

A timely and updated support from the health care team in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding is essential. It has been documented that some health care providers lack the skills to offer adequate guidance to nursing mothers, but there are no local surveys on their knowledge based on standardized instruments. Adapting a validated questionnaire would allow to investigate and compare these data with those of other countries, and support the implementation of necessary educational strategies. Our objective was to obtain an Argentine version of the Survey on Breastfeeding Knowledge (Encuesta de Conocimientos en Lactancia, ECoLa) through a cross-cultural adaptation process with linguists, breastfeeding experts, physicians, and nurses. Adequacy, equivalence, and comprehension were verified in the discourses of experts and authors and cognitive interviews. A version of the ECoLa equivalent to the original version was obtained, which was semantically and culturally adapted to Argentine health care providers.

Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the thyroid-cancer-specific Thyca-QoL scale: A cross-sectional study / Adaptación y validación de la versión en español de la escala thyroid-cancer-specific Thyca-QoL: Estudio de corte transversal

Introduction. Thyca-QoL is a specific instrument to assess QoL in thyroid cancer patients, but it is not validated in Spanish language. The aim was to assess the psychometric properties of the Thyca-QoL. Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study. The Thyca-QoL was translated and adapted to Spanish language. A psychometric validation using an exploratory principal axis factor analysis and confirmatory analysis, concurrent validation compared with EORTC QLQ-C30 and a test-retest reliability assessment was done. Results. A total of 296 patients were included. Exploratory factor analysis showed a seven-factor solution with good diagnostic tests results. Cronbach ́s alpha for the global scale was 0.86. The comparison between the Thyca-QoL and the EORTC QLQ-C30 demonstrated a high correlation (rho= 0.75) and coefficient for test-retest was 0.87. Discussion. The validation process followed all the methodological steps necessary to guarantee the performance of the instrument. The measurements of the internal validity, reliability, and reproducibility reached similar results as the original validation. The factor analysis showed a solution with seven factors that resembles the original results. Reproducibility was high for voice, sympathetic, sex, and chilliness domains and moderate for the others; the instrument had the ability to discriminate between clinical conditions. Conclusion. The spanish version of the thyroid-cancer-specific Thyca-QoL is a reliable and objective instrument to be used in clinical practice and for research objectives in Spanish speaking patients

Introducción. Thyca-QoL es un instrumento específico para evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer de tiroides, pero no está validado en idioma español. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de Thyca-QoL. Métodos. Se hizo un estudio prospectivo transversal. El Thyca-QoL fue traducido y adaptado al idioma español. Se realizó una validación psicométrica mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio del eje principal y un análisis confirmatorio, una validación concurrente en comparación con EORTC QLQ-C30 y una evaluación de la fiabilidad test-retest. Resultados. Se incluyeron 296 pacientes. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una solución de siete factores con buenos resultados en las pruebas de diagnóstico. El alfa de Cronbach para la escala global fue de 0,86. La comparación entre Thyca-QoL y EORTC QLQ-C30 demostró una alta correlación (rho = 0,75) y el coeficiente para test-retest fue 0,87. Discusión. El proceso de validación siguió todos los pasos metodológicos necesarios para garantizar el desempeño del instrumento. Las medidas de validez interna, confiabilidad y reproducibilidad alcanzaron resultados similares a los de la validación original. El análisis factorial mostró una solución con siete factores que se asemeja a los resultados originales. La reproducibilidad fue alta para los dominios de voz, simpático, sexo y escalofríos y moderada para los demás; el instrumento tuvo la capacidad de discriminar entre condiciones clínicas.Conclusión. La versión en español de la escala thyroid-cancer-specific Thyca-QoL es un instrumento confiable y objetivo para ser utilizado en la práctica clínica y para objetivos de investigación en pacientes hispanohablantes

Adaptación transcultural al español rioplatense de la escala "Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire" y evaluación del nivel de satisfacción global de la Tele-Rehabilitación en un Servicio de Kinesiología y Terapia Ocupacional / A Cross-cultural Adaptation of the "Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire" Scale to Rioplatense Spanish and an Evaluation of the Global Satisfaction Level of Tele-Rehabilitation in a Kinesiology and Occupational Therapy Service

Introducción: el servicio de Kinesiología del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires adoptó la virtualidad para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se decidió realizar una adaptación transcultural del cuestionario de 17 ítems validado al español de España Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire (TSUQ) para conocer la satisfacción de los pacientes. Métodos: dos investigadores nativos realizaron una adaptación del cuestionario TSUQ al español rioplatense. Participaron pacientes atendidos entre mayo de 2021 y marzo de 2022 que habían realizado al menos cuatro sesiones de Tele-Rehabilitación (TR). Fue evaluada la correlación de la puntuación del instrumento resultante con la de un ítem agregado a modo de criterio externo concurrente. La validación del constructo fue llevada a cabo mediante sendos análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Resultados: obtuvimos 293 cuestionarios (media de edad 57 años, 64% sexo femenino). Luego de los resultados del AFE (Análisis factorial Exploratorio) (n = 101), consensuamos eliminar 5 ítems. El cuestionario resultante (12 ítems) fue luego validado en una nueva muestra (n = 192) a través de un AFC (Análisis factorial Confirmatorio). La fiabilidad compuesta, la varianza media extractada y la validez convergente fueron adecuadas, mientras que la validez discriminante fue escasa. Documentamos una moderada correlación (Spearman de 0,35, p < 0,0001) entre el puntaje total del cuestionario y el de la pregunta agregada como criterio externo concurrente de validación y una excelente correlación entre versiones. Conclusión: la versión abreviada del cuestionario TSUQ en español tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, lo que lo vuelve un instrumento valioso para evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes que realizan Tele-Rehabilitación. (AU)

Introduction: the Kinesiology service of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires adopted virtuality for patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was decided to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the 17-item Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire (TSUQ) validated for Peninsular Spanish to assess patient satisfaction. Methods: two native researchers adapted the TSUQ questionnaire to Riplatense Spanish. The participants were patients seen between May 2021 and March 2022 who had undergone at least four sessions of TR. We evaluated the correlation between the resulting instrument score and that of an item added as a concurrent external criterion. Construct validation was done with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: we obtained 293 questionnaires (mean age 57 years, 64% female). After the AFE results (n=101), we agreed on eliminating five items. The final questionnaire (12 items) was tested in a new sample (n=192) with a CEA. Composite reliability, mean-variance extracted, and convergent validity were adequate, whereas the discriminant accuracy was low. We documented a moderate correlation (Spearman of 0.35, p < 0.0001) between the total questionnaire score and the aggregate question score as a concurrent external validation criterion and an excellent correlation between versions. Conclusion: the abbreviated version of the TSUQ questionnaire in Spanish has suitable psychometric properties, which makes it a valuable instrument for evaluating patient satisfaction in persons undergoing Tele-Rehabilitation. (AU)

Adaptação transcultural e evidências de validade do questionário de credibilidade/expectativa / Cross-cultural adaptation and evidence of validity of the credibility/expectatncy questionnaire / Adaptación transcultural y evidencias de validez del cuestionario de credibilidad/expectativa

Este estudo teve como objetivos adaptar o Questionário de Credibilidade/Expectativa (QCE) (Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire-CEQ) para o contexto brasileiro, avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas e apresentar as relações entre a credibilidade-expectativa do tratamento e variáveis sociodemográficas da amostra. Participaram 217 adultos, que declararam realizar acompanhamento psicológico, recrutados por meio de mídias sociais. Utilizou-se o QCE, o Teste de Orientação da Vida e um questionário sociodemográfico. O resultado da análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unidimensional para o QCE. A fim de evitar duplicidade de medida e prezar pela parcimônia, dois itens foram excluídos da versão final, fazendo com que o instrumento em português brasileiro seja composto por 4 itens. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,87 e os índices de ajuste do modelo foram satisfatórios. Observou-se associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre o QCE e o TOV-R. Concluiu-se que o QCE apresentou características psicométricas apropriadas para uso em amostras brasileiras. (AU)

This study aimed to adapt the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) to the Brazilian context, evaluate its psychometric properties, and present the relationships between the credibility-expectation of the treatment and the sociodemographic variables of the sample. Participants included 217 adults, who declared to be were undergoing psychological counseling and were recruited via social media. The CEQ, the Life Orientation Test, and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. The result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a one-dimensional structure for the CEQ. To avoid duplication of measurement and for practical purposes, two items were excluded from the final version, therefore the instrument was composed of 4 items in the Brazilian Portuguese version. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and the model fit indices were satisfactory. There was a positive and statistically significant association between the CEQ and the LOT-R. We concluded that the CEQ showed appropriate psychometric characteristics for use in Brazilian samples. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar el Cuestionario de Credibilidad/Expectativa (CCE) (Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire-CEQ) para el contexto brasileño, evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas y presentar las relaciones entre la credibilidad-expectativa del tratamiento y las variables sociodemográficas de la muestra Participaron 217 adultos que declararon estar en seguimiento psicológico, reclutados a través de las redes sociales. Se utilizaron el CCE, el Test de Orientación Vital y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. El resultado del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó una estructura unidimensional para el CCE. Para evitar la duplicidad de medidas y preservar la parsimonia, dos ítems fueron excluidos de la versión final, con lo que el instrumento en portugués brasileño quedó compuesto por 4 ítems. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,87 y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron satisfactorios. Se observó una asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre CCE y TOV-R. Se concluyó que el CCE presenta características psicométricas apropiadas para su uso en muestras brasileñas. (AU)

Development of a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale and the assessment of its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale (SAS) and to assess its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity.@*METHODS@#The Brislin model was used to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross culturally adapt the SAS. A total of 323 multimorbidity patients selected by convenience sampling method from four hospitals in Zhejiang province. The critical ratio method, total question correlation method, and graded response model (item characteristic curve and item discrimination) were used for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used for the reliability analysis. Content validity analysis, structural validity analysis, and criterion association validity analysis were performed by expert scoring method, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient method, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The Chinese version of the SAS contained 2 dimensions of resilience and thriving, with a total of 10 items. In the item analysis, the critical ratio method showed that the critical ratio of all items was greater than 3.0 (P<0.001); the correlation coefficient method showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients for all items exceeded 0.4 (P<0.01). The graded response model showed that items of the revised scale exhibited distinct item characteristic curves and all items had discrimination parameters exceeding 1.0. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised Chinese version of the SAS scale was 0.849, and the split-half reliability was 0.873. In the validity analysis, the item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index both exceeded 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the revised two-factor model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ2/df=3.115, RMSEA=0.081, RMR=0.046, GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.898, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.915). In the criterion-related validity analysis, the Chinese version of the SAS score was negatively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, with correlation coefficients of －0.592 and －0.482, respectively (both P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Chinese version of the SAS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the stress adaption capacity among multimorbidity patients in China, and provides a reference for developing individualized health management measures.

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the "Child Drawing: Hospital" (CD:H) Scale for Paediatric Dentistry in Brazil

Abstract Objective: To translate and perform the cross-cultural adaption of the CD:H scale for use in Paediatric Dentistry in Brazilian Portuguese language. Material and Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CD: H was carried out in four stages: 1) translation of the instrument; 2) reverse translation (back translation); 3) cross-cultural adaptation, and 4) face validation. Face validation consisted of the evaluation of 30 subjects from the target population. A pilot study was conducted with 15 children aged 5-10 years treated at a university dental clinic and their drawings were analysed by two dentists. Data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: In the face validation, most items were understood; however, some words were changed, and terms were included to identify the dental environment. Good reproducibility was obtained: inter-examiner reliability was 0.9647 and intra-examiner reliability was 0.9619 for examiner A and 0.8260 for examiner B. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the CD:H scale is a useful tool for dentists, helping identify children's emotions and being enjoyable for them.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale in a Brazilian professional sample

Abstract Persistence involves the intention to maintain efforts when faced with obstacles and challenges, in order to achieve a specific goal. The Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale (RFPS) is a self-report measure that assesses persistence that is theoretically derived from the premises of the Dualistic Model of Passion. The aim of the present research was to adapt the RFPS to Brazilian Portuguese and to estimate its evidence of validity and reliability in the context of work. Participants were 400 professionals, 55.8% women, aged between 18 and 68 years. The results indicate that the RFPS presented validity evidence based on the content. Corresponding to the theoretical expectations, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated adequacy of the structure composed of two factors, explaining 75% of the data variance, with good levels of reliability. The RFPS also revealed strong invariance across gender and work conditions (in-person vs remote). Flexible persistence showed positive association with harmonious passion and occupational self-efficacy. Conversely, rigid persistence showed positive association with obsessive passion. It was observed a mediational role of occupational self-efficacy in the relationship between harmonious passion and flexible persistence. Overall, the findings suggest that the RFPS is an adequate measure of persistence in a Brazilian occupational sample.

Adaptación lingüística y cultural chilena del Voice Handicap Index (VHI) y del Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI-10) / Chilean linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI-10)

El presente estudio buscó adaptar lingüística y culturalmente el cuestionario de autovaloración vocal norteamericano Voice Handicap Index (VHI) al español chileno. Para esto se realizaron cuatro traducciones directas del VHI al español chileno de forma independiente. Luego, se consensuó una traducción general (TG) a partir del juicio de tres profesionales de la fonoaudiología. Esta TG fue traducida inversamente al idioma original para ser comparada con la versión original por el mismo grupo de profesionales de la fonoaudiología, llegando a la primera versión del Índice de Desventaja Vocal Chileno(IDV-Cl). Esta versión fue aplicada a veinte personas con diagnóstico de disfonía, considerando una escala Likert de frecuencia. Durante la adaptación, se consideró pertinente dejar constancia de las consignas no comprendidas o que resultaron inapropiadas culturalmente para el vocabulario chileno. De acuerdo con las observaciones recogidas, se revisó y modificó el instrumento, dando paso a la segunda versión del IDV-Cl, que fue aplicada a seis personas con diagnóstico de disfonía. En esta etapa no se plantearon nuevas sugerencias de cambio. El IDV-Cl refleja la versión original del inglés, tanto en la cantidad de ítems, como en los subcomponentes físico, funcional y emocional que lo conforman. Mediante la síntesis de esta encuesta se pudo obtener también una versión abreviada, que consta de diez ítems (IDV-Cl-10). En conclusión, se establece la equivalencia cultural y lingüística del cuestionario VHI en español chileno, del que se origina la versión IDV-Cl e IDV-Cl-10.

The present study aimed to linguistically and culturally adapt the North American vocal self-assessment questionnaire, Voice Handicap Index (VHI), to Chilean Spanish. To this end, four direct translations of the VHI were carried out independently into Chilean Spanish. Subsequently, a general translation (GT) was agreed upon based on the judgment of three speech-language therapists. This GT was back-translated into the original language and compared with the original version by the same group of speech therapy professionals, which resulted in the first version of the Chilean Índice de Desventaja Vocal [Vocal Disadvantage Index] (IDV-Cl). This version was then applied to twenty people diagnosed with dysphonia, using a Likert scale for frequency. During the adaptation, it was deemed pertinent to make a note of the statements that were not understood or were culturally inappropriate for the Chilean vocabulary. The instrument was revised and modified based on the observations made by the participants, thus creating a second version of the IDV-Cl, which was then applied to six people diagnosed with dysphonia. No new suggestions for change were made at this stage. The IDV-Cl reflects the original version in English, both in the number of items and in the physical, functional, and emotional subcomponents that comprise it. Through the synthesis of this survey, it was also possible to obtain an abbreviated version, consisting of ten items (IDV-Cl-10). In conclusion, the cultural and linguistic equivalence of the VHI questionnaire in Chilean Spanish is established, resulting in the IDV-Cl and IDV-Cl-10 versions of this instrument.

É saudável ou não?: percepções e julgamentos da saudabilidade de alimentos entre adultos do Brasil e Alemanha / Is it healthy or not?: perceptions and judgments of the healthiness of food among adults in Brazil and Germany

Introdução: A maioria dos estudos em alimentação e nutrição ainda focam no consumo alimentar e atestam baixa aderência às recomendações oficiais. Menos estudos investigam como julgamentos e percepções de saudabilidade influenciam a alimentação; e estes quando realizados, geralmente envolvem amostras homogêneas e não costumam comparar países, o que limita compreensões socioculturais. Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar os julgamentos e percepções da saudabilidade de alimentos entre adultos leigos no Brasil (BR) e Alemanha (DE) (1) explorando os alimentos mais frequentemente listados como "saudáveis" e "não saudáveis" e as razões destes julgamentos; (2) avaliando se existem incongruências entre o julgamento de saudabilidade destes alimentos e a frequência de consumo dos mesmos, considerando características individuais dos participantes; e (3) examinando o efeito de quatro alegações (controle, foco em nutrientes, foco no processamento e indulgente) na percepção de saudabilidade de um alimento tipicamente considerado "não saudável", na capacidade percebida deste alimento afetar o peso, adequação deste alimento num dia alimentar saudável, sua estimativa calórica e desejo de comer. Métodos: Estudo online transversal com abordagem qualitativa, quantitativa e experimental. Foram utilizadas perguntas abertas e fechadas avaliando julgamentos e percepções da saudabilidade de alimentos, avaliação da frequência de consumo alimentar e questionário sociodemográfico. Análises incluíram Índice de Saliência de Smith, princípios de Análise de Conteúdo, cálculo de escores de incongruência entre julgamento de saudabilidade e frequência de consumo e Modelos Lineares Gerais (GLM) controlados por variáveis sociodemográficas e/ou nível de fome. Resultados: Sobre o objetivo 1, os participantes [BR n=205, DE n=150, média 40,3 (DP =13,3) anos] listaram principalmente alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados como saudáveis, enquanto alimentos do tipo fast food, doces e processados como não saudáveis. Alguns itens de cunho cultural também foram acentuados (ex.: arroz, feijão no BR vs. batata e pão na DE). Em ambos países, as principais razões dos julgamentos foram conteúdo nutricional dos alimentos, reforçando a dicotomia de "bom/saudável", "ruim/não saudável" e centraram-se nos benefícios ou malefícios ao corpo (ex.: prevenção ou causa de doenças, controle de peso). Quanto ao objetivo 2 [BR n=282, DE n=248, média 43,2 (D=14,3) anos], houve evidência de incongruência entre o julgamento de saudabilidade e a frequência de consumo alimentar, especialmente no BR (p = 0,01, d = 0,23). As principais características associadas às incongruências (ps < 0,048, η2ps > 0,01) foram gênero (ds > 0,27), idade (ßs > 0,14) e preocupação com saúde (ßs > 0,12). E sobre o objetivo 3 [BR n=291, DE n=343, média 42,8 (DP=14,6) anos], as alegações com foco em nutrientes e processamento tornaram as percepções do alimento como mais saudável em comparação às alegações controle e indulgente nos dois países (ps < 0,001, ω2s > 0,04), e não houve efeito das alegações sob o desejo de comer (p = 0,258, ω2 = 0,001). Os brasileiros, no entanto, foram mais afetados pelas alegações (ds > 0,55) e não houve indicação que a alegação com foco no processamento foi mais relevante para a amostra brasileira comparada a alegação com foco em nutrientes (ds > 0,10). Conclusão: Houveram mais semelhanças que diferenças entre países de contexto socioculturais diferentes. Os resultados sugerem uma perspectiva reducionista sobre saudabilidade, com acentuado foco nos nutrientes. Os julgamentos de saudabilidade, no entanto, não se traduzem em relato de consumo, evidenciando assim incongruências. Ainda, as alegações alimentares influenciaram de forma diferente as percepções sobre o mesmo alimento, mesmo este sendo tipicamente considerado não saudável.

Introduction: Most studies on food and nutrition still focus on food consumption and show low adherence to official recommendations. Fewer studies investigate how healthiness judgments and perceptions influence eating; and these, when carried out, usually involve homogeneous samples and do not usually compare countries, which limits sociocultural understandings. Objectives: To evaluate and compare food healthiness judgments and perceptions among lay adults in Brazil (BR) and Germany (DE) by (1) exploring the foods most frequently listed as "healthy" and "unhealthy" and the reasons for these judgments; (2) assessing whether there are inconsistencies between the healthiness judgment of these foods and the frequency of their consumption, considering individual characteristics of the participants; and (3) examining the effect of four claims (control, nutrients focus, food processing focus, and indulgent) on perceived healthiness of a food typically considered "unhealthy", on the perceived capacity of this food to affect weight, appropriateness of this food in a healthy day, its calorie estimation and desire to eat. Methods: Cross-sectional online study with a qualitative, quantitative and experimental approach. Open and closed ended questions were used to evaluate food health judgments and perceptions, assessment of frequency of food intake and sociodemographic questionnaire. Analyses included Smith's Salience Index, principles of Content Analysis, calculation of incongruence scores between judgments of healthiness and frequency of consumption, and General Linear Models (GLM) controlled for sociodemographic variables and/or level of hunger. Results: Regarding objective 1, participants [BR n=205, DE n=150, mean 40.3 (SD =13.3) years] listed mainly natural or minimally processed foods as healthy, and fast food, sweet and processed foods as unhealthy. Some culturally driven items were also accentuated (e.g., rice, beans in BR vs. potato and bread in DE). In both countries, the main reasons for the judgments were the nutritional content of foods, reinforcing the dichotomy of "good/healthy", "bad/unhealthy" and focused on the benefits or harm to the body (e.g. prevention or cause of diseases, weight control). As for objective 2 [BR n=282, DE n=248, mean 43.2 (SD=14.3) years], there was evidence of incongruence between healthiness judgment and frequency of food consumption, especially in BR (p = 0.01, d = 0.23). The main characteristics associated with incongruence (ps < 0.048, η2ps > 0.01) were gender (ds > 0.27), age (ßs > 0.14) and health concern (ßs > 0.12). And on objective 3 [BR n=291, DE n=343, mean 42.8 (SD=14.6) years], the claims highlighting nutrients or processing aspects rendered the perceptions of the food healthier compared to control and indulgent claims in both countries (ps < 0.001, ω2s > 0.04), and there was no effect of the claims on desire to eat (p = 0.258, ω2 = 0.001). Brazilians, however, were more affected by the claims (ds > 0.55) and there was no indication that the food processing-focused claim was more relevant for the Brazilian sample compared to the nutrient-focused claim (ds > 0.10). Conclusion: There were more similarities than differences between countries with different sociocultural backgrounds. The results suggest a reductionist perspective on food healthiness, with a strong focus on nutrients. Healthiness judgments, however, do not translate into consumption reports, thus showing incongruences. Furthermore, food claims influenced food related perceptions of the same food differently, even when the food is typically considered unhealthy.

O cuidado em saúde promovido pelas religiões afro-brasileiras / Health care promoted by afro-brazilian religions / El cuidado en salud promovido por las religiones afrobrasileñas

No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)

In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)

A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)

Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI) in Chinese adults

Abstract With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in fields such as medical treatment, while the threat of artificial intelligence has also received extensive attention. However, this topic has been only limitedly explored in China. To provide a measurement tool for AI threat research in China, this study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI) in two Chinese samples of adults (N1 = 654, N2 = 1483). Results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested that the one-factor model of TAI as the best fitting model. Furthermore, the Chinese TAI was significantly related to Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, proving good criterion-related validity of the Chinese TAI. In sum, this study suggested the Chinese version of the TAI as a reliable and effective tool in assessing AI threat in the Chinese context. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Model Disability Survey (MDS) for Brazil / Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Model Disability Survey (MDS) para o Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study has as objective the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Model Disability Survey (MDS), a World Health Organization instrument that provides comprehensive information on disability/functioning, for Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional methodological study, carried out through five stages - initial translation, synthesis of translations, reverse translation, review by a specialist committee, and pre-test -, considering properties such as semantic, idiomatic, experimental, and conceptual equivalence. Translators, researchers, a mediating team, health professionals, a methodologist and a language specialist were needed to pass through the stages. Statistical analysis was produced from absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, normality tests and content validity index (CVI) > 0.80. RESULTS The MDS has 474 items, which generated 1,896 analyzes of equivalence. Of these, 160 items had a CVI < 0.80 in at least one of the four types of equivalence and required adjustments. After adaptations and approval by the judges, the pre-final version went on to the pre-test with 30 participants from four regions of the Brazilian Northeast. Regarding this sample, 83.3% are women, single, with an average age of 33.7 years (SD 18.8), self-declared as black or brown, active workers, with technical education and living with three residents. Interviews lasted 123 minutes on average, where 127 health conditions were mentioned, and the most frequent cited were anxiety and back pain. Answers were analyzed and 63 items were cited as needing some adjustment, two of which were submitted for analysis by the committee because they presented a CVI < 0.80. The instrument, guide and presentation cards were adjusted after a new pre-test. CONCLUSIONS The MDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and showed adequate content validity.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o Model Disability Survey (MDS), instrumento da Organização Mundial da Saúde que fornece informações abrangentes a respeito de deficiência/funcionalidade, para o Brasil. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de corte transversal, realizado por meio de cinco etapas - tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste -, considerando propriedades como equivalência semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual. Para realização das etapas foram necessários tradutores, pesquisadores, equipe mediadora, profissionais da saúde, metodologista e especialista em idiomas. A análise estatística foi produzida a partir de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e dispersão, testes de normalidade e índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) > 0,80. RESULTADOS O instrumento MDS apresenta 474 itens, o que gerou 1.896 análises de equivalências. Destes, 160 itens apresentaram IVC < 0,80 em pelo menos uma das quatro equivalências e necessitaram de ajustes. Após adequações e aprovação dos juízes, a versão pré-final seguiu para o pré-teste com 30 participantes, de quatro regiões do Nordeste brasileiro. Desta amostra, 83,3% são mulheres, solteiras, com idade média de 33,7 (DP 18,8) anos, autodeclaradas pretas ou pardas, trabalhadoras ativas, com escolaridade a partir do ensino técnico e que residiam com três moradores. O tempo médio das entrevistas foi de 123 minutos de duração. Foram mencionadas 127 condições de saúde, sendo as mais frequentes ansiedade e dores nas costas. As respostas foram analisadas e 63 itens foram citados como necessitando de algum ajuste, sendo dois destes encaminhados para análise pelo comitê por possuírem IVC < 0,80. O instrumento, manual e cartões de apresentação foram ajustados após um novo pré-teste. CONCLUSÕES O MDS foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para o português brasileiro e apresentou adequada validade de conteúdo.

Adaptation and validation of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale in the Ecuadorian context

Abstract This study aimed to evidence the validity and reliability ofthe Ecuadorian version ofthe Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, one of the most studied concepts of positive psychology. The adaptation process included translation and semantic and idiomatic validation. For content validation, an expert review and focus group were conducted. The questionnaire was applied to 2423 workers in Ecuador with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.04), and 65.6% were women. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the scale's dimensionality. The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were also evaluated. In order to investigate the best solution for an Ecuadorian version ofthe Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, four structural models were assessed. The unidimensional solution was the most adequate structure for the scale. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) was developed to assess this positive psychological state and has been the most used tool in many contexts. To our knowledge, this study is the first to adapt the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale into the Ecuadorian context and evaluate its validity. The findings support its reliability, factorial, and construct validity in the Ecuadorian context. Furthermore, the results show that dispositional hope acts as a protective factor, promoting work engagement and preventing burnout.

Short version of the right-wing authoritarianism scale for the Brazilian context

Abstract Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is a central predictor of distinct phenomena such as prejudice, voting behavior, corruption, conspiratory beliefs and dietary habits. Given its theoretical and practical relevance, researchers have incorporated RWA measures in large-scale surveys but their length can be an impediment. Although short RWA scales exist, none consider the cultural variability of the RWA structure in non-WEIRD contexts such as Brazil. Here, we report data from five cross-sectional and longitudinal Brazilian samples ( N total = 2,493) used to develop a short RWA version that considers cross-cultural specificities of the Brazilian context, where an alternative four-factor model was observed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a four-factor structure comprising Authoritarianism, Traditionalism, Submission to Authority and Contestation to Authority dimensions. Six-month longitudinal results indicated that Authoritarianism and Traditionalism are more stable than both Submission and Contestation to Authority. Correlations between these dimensions and right-wing political self-categorization were statistically equivalent for the full 34-item RWA scale version and the new 12-item version. Results confirm the psychometric properties of the four-factor, 12-item RWA scale in this cultural context.

Uma visão dos trópicos de Heinrich Gerber, 1850-1860: ciência e pensamento econômico de um engenheiro politécnico alemão no Império do Brasil / Heinrich Gerber's vision of the tropics, 1850-1860: the scientific and economic thinking of a German polytechnic engineer in the Empire of Brazil

Resumo Analisa o pensamento científico do engenheiro politécnico Heinrich August Anton Gerber, contratado pelo governo da província de Minas Gerais de 1858 a 1867. O artigo explora o significado cultural e intelectual das atividades do engenheiro, especialmente a ideia de criação de empresa privada no setor da infraestrutura viária, bem como a mediação para importação de instrumentos científicos e livros. Os resultados também indicam que Gerber participa do envio de brasileiros para estudar engenharia em Paris. Este texto investiga as trocas culturais entre Brasil e Europa, a aplicação do conhecimento científico e o encontro com problemas práticos de ordem econômica e social pelo engenheiro no interior do Império do Brasil.

Abstract This article analyzes the scientific thinking of the German polytechnic engineer Heinrich August Anton Gerber, who was employed by Minas Gerais province from 1858 to 1867. We explore the cultural and intellectual significance of his activities, particularly the idea of creating a private company within the roadway infrastructure sector and his mediating role in the importation of scientific instruments and books. Gerber also appears to have been part of efforts to send Brazilians to study engineering in Paris. Cultural exchanges between Brazil and Europe are investigated, along with the application of scientific knowledge and his encounters with practical economic and social challenges in the interior of the Empire of Brazil.

Adaptación transcultural para Colombia y validez de contenido de la escala RAC de evaluación del riesgo de infección en el adulto hospitalizado / Cross-cultural adaptation for Colombia and content validity of the RAC scale for assessing the risk of infection in hospitalized adults

Introducción: Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) son un grave problema de salud pública, que puede ser prevenidas al identificar los factores de riesgo con el uso de escalas. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente y realizar la validación de contenido y de face de la escala Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) de evaluación del riesgo de infección en adultos hospitalizados. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio metodológico de adaptación transcultural. La recolección de datos se realizó de junio a noviembre de 2020. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 especialistas. La escala RAC se evaluó en su conjunto, determinando su alcance, los ítems fueron evaluados individualmente, verificando su claridad, relevancia y pertinencia. Para evaluar cada ítem se utilizó una escala tipo Likert de cuatro niveles. La validez de contenido fue evaluada a través del índice de validez de contenido (IVC). Resultados: Por medio de la evaluación del comité de especialistas fue posible determinar que la escala RAC es apta para uso en el contexto cultural colombiano. Se realizaron ajustes para mejorar la interpretación de algunos ítems. El IVC de los ítems estuvo entre 0.90 a 1.0 y el IVC promedio de la escala fue de 0.98. Discusión: Esta escala permite medir el riesgo de IAAS a un bajo costo, con el fin de poder planear y ejecutar intervenciones por parte del equipo multidisciplinario que tiene a cargo la salud y el cuidado del paciente. Conclusiones: La escala RAC en su versión en español es un instrumento apropiado para la evaluación del riesgo de IAAS en el adulto hospitalizado en Colombia.

Introduction: Health care­associated infections (HAI) are a serious public health problem, which can be prevented by identifying risk factors with the use of scales. Objective: To adapt cross-culturally and perform content and face validation of the Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) scale for assessing the risk of infection in hospitalized adults. Materials and Methods: Methodological study of cross-cultural adaptation. Data collection was carried out from June to November 2020. The sample consisted of 11 specialists. The RAC scale was evaluated as a whole, determining its scope, the items were evaluated individually, verifying their clarity, relevance and pertinence. To evaluate each item, a four-level Likert-type scale was used. The content validity was evaluated through the content validity index (CVI). Results: Through the evaluation of the committee of specialists it was possible to determine that the RAC scale is suitable for use in the Colombian cultural context. Adjustments were made to improve the interpretation of some items. The CVI of the items was between 0.90 to 1.0 and the average CVI of the scale was 0.98. Discusión: This scale makes it possible to measure the HAI risk at a low cost, in order to be able to plan and execute interventions by the multidisciplinary team in charge of the health and care of the patient. Conclusions: The RAC scale in its Spanish version is an appropriate instrument for assessing the risk of HAI in hospitalized adults in Colombia.

Introdução: As infecções associadas à assistência à saúde (IAAS) são um grave problema de saúde pública, que pode ser prevenido por meio da identificação de fatores de risco com o uso de escalas. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente e realizar a validação de conteúdo e de face da escala Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC), de avaliação do risco de infecção em adultos hospitalizados. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo metodológico de adaptação transcultural. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de junho a novembro de 2020. A amostra foi composta por 11 especialistas. A escala RAC foi avaliada como um todo, determinando seu escopo, os itens foram avaliados individualmente, verificando sua clareza, relevância e pertinência. Para avaliar cada item, foi utilizada uma escala do tipo Likert de quatro níveis. A validade de conteúdo foi avaliada por meio do índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: Por meio da avaliação do comitê de especialistas, foi possível constatar que a escala RAC é adequada para uso no contexto cultural colombiano. Ajustes foram feitos para melhorar a interpretação de alguns itens. O IVC dos itens ficou entre 0,90 a 1,0 e o IVC médio da escala foi de 0,98. Discussão: Esta escala permite mensurar o risco de IAAS a baixo custo, de forma a poder planejar e executar intervenções da equipe multiprofissional responsável pela saúde e cuidado do paciente. Conclusões: A escala RAC em sua versão em espanhol é um instrumento adequado para a avaliação do risco de IAAS em adultos hospitalizados na Colômbia.

Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário de Ambivalência em Psicoterapia - QAP / Psychometric properties of the brazilian version of the Ambivalence in Psychotherapy Questionnaire (APQ) / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Cuestionario de Ambivalencia en Psicoterapia - QAP

Níveis elevados de ambivalência estão associados a piores resultados e abandono terapêutico. Este estudo teve como objetivo a adaptação transcultural e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Ambivalência em Psicoterapia (QAP). Após adaptação cultural do instrumento, foram avaliados 181 indivíduos em psicoterapia de diversas abordagens, em clínicas-escola e consultórios particulares. O QAP foi avaliado quanto à estrutura interna e relação com variáveis externas. Na análise fatorial confirmatória, o modelo com melhor ajuste foi composto por três dimensões: duas de primeira ordem - Desmoralização e Alternância - e uma de segunda ordem - Ambivalência. A consistência interna foi 0,86. Na relação com variáveis externas, o QAP se correlacionou moderadamente com medidas de desconforto psicológico (OQ-45- Outcome Questionnaire) (r = 0,65) e motivação para mudança (URICA - University of Rhode Island Change Assessment): contemplação (r = 0,36) e manutenção (r = 0,37). A versão brasileira do QAP demonstrou ser um instrumento com boas características psicométricas, de aplicação rápida e fácil. (AU)

High levels of ambivalence are associated with poor outcomes and therapeutic abandonment. The objective of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and assessment of the psychometric properties of the Ambivalence in Psychotherapy Questionnaire (APQ). After cultural adaptation of the instrument, we assessed 181 individuals undergoing psychotherapy of different approaches in school clinics and private practices. The APQ was validated regarding internal structure and relationship with external variables. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the model with the best fit was composed of three dimensions: two first-order - Demoralization and Wavering - and one second-order - Ambivalence. The internal consistency was 0.86. In relation to external variables, the APQ correlated moderately with measures of psychological distress (OQ-45- Outcome Questionnaire) (r = 0.65) and motivation to change (URICA- University of Rhode Island Change Assessment): contemplation (r = 0.36) and maintenance (r = 0.37). The results indicated that the Brazilian version of the APQ is a suitable instrument, of quick and easy application. (AU)

Los altos niveles de ambivalencia se asocian con peores resultados y abandono terapéutico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Ambivalencia en Psicoterapia (QAP). Después de la adaptación cultural del instrumento, 181 individuos fueron evaluados en psicoterapia utilizando diferentes enfoques, en clínicas-escuelas y consultorios privados. El QAP fue evaluado por su estructura interna y su relación con variables externas. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio, el modelo con mejor ajuste estuvo compuesto por tres dimensiones: dos de primer orden - Desmoralización y Alternancia - y una de segundo orden - Ambivalencia. La consistencia interna fue de 0,86. En relación con las variables externas, el QAP se correlacionó moderadamente con las medidas de malestar psicológico (OQ-45- Outcome Questionnaire) (r = 0,65) y motivación para el cambio (URICA- University of Rhode Island Change Assessment): contemplación (r = 0,36) y mantenimiento (r = 0,37). La versión brasileña del QAP demostró ser un instrumento con buenas características psicométricas, de rápida y fácil aplicación. (AU)

Psiquiatría transcultural y depresión en China: un relato clínico / Cross-cultural psychiatry and depression in the eastern population

El siguiente trabajo presenta la historia de una paciente de 19 años oriunda de China, que cursó una internación en una sala de psiquiatría de un hospital general por un cuadro de características depresivas. El caso es notable por el polimorfismo en la sintomatología clínica que presentó. El objetivo es analizar, a partir de él, la necesidad de un enfoque interdisciplinario que trate a la cultura como una variable significativa en la construcción de una enfermedad, entendiendo que los modelos fisiopatológicos resultan necesarios pero no suficientes para comprender de qué modo se constituye. Para dicho fin se hará un breve recorrido por los estudios efectuados en la década del 80 en China por el psiquiatra y antropólogo Arthur Kleiman y se desarrollará la perspectiva de la psicoanalista Helena Lunazzi, quien en su libro Alexitimia desarrolla cómo la cultura influye en la expresión verbal de las emociones. (AU)

The following work presents the history of a 19-year-old patient from China who was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital due to a depressive illness, being the case remarkable for the polymorphism in the clinical symptoms that she presented. The objective is to analyze the need for an interdisciplinary approach that treats culture as a significant variable in the construction of a disease, understanding that pathophysiological models are necessary but not sufficient to comprehend how they are constituted. For this purpose, a brief review will be made of the studies carried out in the 1980s in China by the psychiatrist and anthropologist Arthur Kleiman and the perspective of the psychoanalyst Lunazzi Helena, who in her book "Alexithymia" develops how culture influences the verbal expression of emotions. (AU)